Smoking cessation predicts higher short-term risk for the
development of type 2 diabetes, according to the results of a
prospective cohort study reported in the January 5, 2010, issue of the
Annals of Internal Medicine.
"Cigarette smoking is an established predictor of type 2 diabetes, but the effects of smoking cessation on diabetes risk are unknown," write Hsin-Chieh Yeh, PhD, from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, and colleagues from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.
The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that smoking cessation would increase diabetes risk in the short term, possibly caused by weight gain related to quitting smoking. The study cohort consisted of 10,892 middle-aged adults free of diabetes at study enrollment from 1987 to 1989.
Interview at baseline and at subsequent follow-up determined smoking status. Incident diabetes was identified by fasting glucose assays through 1998 and by self-report of physician diagnosis or use of diabetes medications through 2004.
In the first 3 years of follow-up, 380 participants quit smoking. Compared with adults who never smoked, the incident of diabetes among former smokers was 2 times higher. The authors concluded, "Smoking cessation leads to higher short-term risk." For smokers at risk for diabetes, smoking cessation should be coupled with strategies for diabetes prevention and early detection.
What You Should Do
You should protect against diabetes after you quit smoking. Here are two strategies to consider...
1. Start a Borderline Diabetic Diet
A borderline diabetic diet reverses prediabetes in 4 simple steps. Preventing full-blown diabetes is ONLY possible with early dietary intervention. Start this diet before you quit smoking.
2. Stop Blood Sugar Spikes
The diabetic diet guidelines begin with minimizing sugar spikes after meals. Carbohydrates result in a sharp rise in blood sugar levels. This is quickly followed by a rise in insulin levels. The more insulin that's released the greater the chance for developing insulin resistance...the hallmark of type 2 diabetes.
"Cigarette smoking is an established predictor of type 2 diabetes, but the effects of smoking cessation on diabetes risk are unknown," write Hsin-Chieh Yeh, PhD, from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, and colleagues from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.
The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that smoking cessation would increase diabetes risk in the short term, possibly caused by weight gain related to quitting smoking. The study cohort consisted of 10,892 middle-aged adults free of diabetes at study enrollment from 1987 to 1989.
Interview at baseline and at subsequent follow-up determined smoking status. Incident diabetes was identified by fasting glucose assays through 1998 and by self-report of physician diagnosis or use of diabetes medications through 2004.
In the first 3 years of follow-up, 380 participants quit smoking. Compared with adults who never smoked, the incident of diabetes among former smokers was 2 times higher. The authors concluded, "Smoking cessation leads to higher short-term risk." For smokers at risk for diabetes, smoking cessation should be coupled with strategies for diabetes prevention and early detection.
What You Should Do
You should protect against diabetes after you quit smoking. Here are two strategies to consider...
1. Start a Borderline Diabetic Diet
A borderline diabetic diet reverses prediabetes in 4 simple steps. Preventing full-blown diabetes is ONLY possible with early dietary intervention. Start this diet before you quit smoking.
2. Stop Blood Sugar Spikes
The diabetic diet guidelines begin with minimizing sugar spikes after meals. Carbohydrates result in a sharp rise in blood sugar levels. This is quickly followed by a rise in insulin levels. The more insulin that's released the greater the chance for developing insulin resistance...the hallmark of type 2 diabetes.
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